DEEP ONE技术文档 --E文

转自IWC官方论坛，给需要的人。


IWC GST Deep One – Reference 3527

2008


The Lord of the Deep

By Peter Nievaart
IWC’s Deep One divers watch is an icon in the history of watchmaking. It combines a depth
meter and time instrument in a case. The watch was produced from 1999 through 2001.
Less than 1000 watches were apparently sold1. There seems to be consistency with respect
to the reason why it was discontinued: production was expensive and difficult. When the
cal. 5000s came into production, IWC shifted watchmakers over onto the cal 5000
production (IWC Forum 19.04.2003). The question remains how many people actually use
the watch for diving. To quote Michael Friedberg’s closing line of one of his posts:

Regards, Michael (who never understood why anyone would dive with a $10,000 mechanical watch)

IWC GST Deep One in titanium with titanium
bracelet– Ref. 3527
Case:

.
Titan
.
. 42,8 mm
.
Height 14,75 mm
Features:
.
Mechanical depth gauge
.
Dive depth display to 45m
.
Fly-back hand to show maximum dive
depth
.
Unidrectional rotating ring
.
Small seconds hand with stop function
.
Screw-in winding crown
.
Convex sapphire glass
.
Water resistant to 100m
.
Push-button release-safety clasp
.
Test pump and Velcro strap
Movement:
.
IWC caliber C.8914 (base JLC C.891)
.
36 jewels
.
28.800 A/h
.
38 hr power reserve
.
Glucydur Balance wheel
.
Nivarox spiral
Lovecraft describes Deep Ones as “a race of undersea-dwelling humanoids whose preferred
habitat is deep in the ocean (hence their name). However, despite being primarily marine
creatures, they can come to the surface and can survive on land for some time. All Deep
Ones are immortal; none die except by accident or violence. They are said to serve the
beings known as Father Dagon and Mother Hydra, as well as Cthulhu”. IWC’s GST Deep
One certainly serves us, human beings, above and under the surface !

1 This is an estimate. IWC does not publish data on production volumes for recent models


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For Use on IWC Forum Only
. Peter Nievaart


IWC GST Deep One – Reference 3527

2008


How
it
started…

Michael Friedberg asked Richard Habring, the inventor of
the gauge and part of the design team (Friedberg, 2002),
how Mr. Habring got the idea for the Deep One. Mr.
Habring answered “Over the Christmas holiday in 1995, I
went on vacation to the Caribbean where I boarded a nice
sailboat. The boat was small enough, with about ten
passengers, to have some nice talks with different people.
I got in contact with some divers -and finally started to
dive as well, taught by the wheelman - a Dutch guy, who
was a diving instructor. Once in the evening we were on
deck drinking some Caribbean beer, and I asked him how
should the perfect diving watch look. He described to me
the watch -with all functions and indications. When I
returned to Schaffhausen I developed the concept, made
some sketches and went to Mr. Blümlein. Then it started!”.


The goal was to make another piece that people would talk about. The goal was to produce
an instrument divers could rely on when their dive computer failed. Obviously, knowing
depth and diving time is vital for staying healthy. The watch was intended to be a diving
instrument rather than merely a time instrument. John Backus (IWC Forum 19.04.2003)
heard during a factory tour that the watch was a trial watch to test the market demand for
a new model/size/complication/ etc. He was also told that the Deep One was very expensive
to produce and that the factory lost money on each watch produced.

The
Design


Michael Friedberg (Friedberg, Ascending to New Depths,
2004) characterizes the design – as usual – very
eloquently: “In a sense, everything is new, yet nothing is
new”. Case construction techniques of the Ocean 2000 and
GST Aquatimer as well as the rotating internal bezel of the
ref. 1812 Aquatimer have been used. At the same time,
the design of the Deep One marks the start of the following
Aquatimer line.

The Deep One has an exceptional design: it is clearly
readable, also underwater, despite its many functions. The
alignment of depth meters and minutes helps reading
depth more intuitively. Actual depth meter and max depth
meter can be distinguished by using common sense, not by
color as the yellow color is not visible below 10-15m. Using
a blue color would have been better.

The GST line also introduced the revolutionary bracelets, used for the new Ingenieur line,
with spring-loaded bolts to easily extend the bracelet and to change straps as well as the
push-button clasp.


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For Use on IWC Forum Only . Peter Nievaart


IWC GST Deep One – Reference 3527

2008


The dial (1) has an annular hour and minute
scale (2). Crown no. 10 is used to wind the
watch and to set the hour hand (3) and
minute hand (4).

The hour/minute scale is surrounded by the
dive time scale (8). This – rotatable - scale is
operated through push crown 9. The start
time of the dive (or safety stop) is set by
aligning the zero position with the minute
hand by turning crown 9. Screwed crown 11
is used to apply pressure to a pressure
transducer.

The dive time scale is surrounded by the
depth scale (5). Actual depth is shown by
hand no. 6 (white arrow) and maximum
depth by hand no. 7 (yellow arrow). For
obvious reasons, the max. depth hand is nonreturnable.
By pushing crown no.9 the max.
depth meter will return to zero position.

Source: European Patent Database (United States Patent No. US6385134, 2002)

Movement
and
Case


The Cal. 8914 movement is based on a 34 jewel JLC base (JLC
891/2) used in Master Control series watches. This base
movement is also used in ref. 3531. The modification relates to
the addition of the depth meter. The – relatively expensive -
base movement was chosen because its decentralized small
seconds hand leaves room for the depth gauge axis in the centre
of the watch. It also left sufficient room for a chamber for the
ring-shaped depth measuring device. The three screws to secure
the oscillating weight could also be used to attach the add-on
module.

A special case had to be
developed to house the
pressure chamber for the
bourdon tube (see picture on
left), movement and depth
gauge. The complexity of the
case construction significantly
contributed to the price of the
watch as did the complexity of

the assembly of the watch. Obviously, it was vital to find a
construction that would keep water away from the movement
while allowing water to enter the watch to measure pressure.

. IWC, Schaffhausen

Howthewatchisoperated
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For Use on IWC Forum Only . Peter Nievaart


IWC GST Deep One – Reference 3527

2008



A
B
11
9
Note: the curvature change is represented by the dotted spring
(A). The red arrows visualize the direction of the segments when
pressure rises.


The
Depth
Gauge


The depth gauge undisputedly is the key feature of this watch. The depth display of the
watch is an independent mechanism that works through a mechanical pressure system in
the watch case, comparable to those used in traditional (mechanical) depth gauges for
scuba divers. The measurement system works as follows:

A Bourdon spring/tube is used to
transform ambient pressure into metersof-
depth. The tube resides within an
annular chamber in the case. The side
wall limits the radial deflection of the
tube. The tube is connected to the red
crown (11), which has openings for
pressure measurement. The yellow
crown (9) is used to unlock the max.
depth meter hand.

The depth measurement mechanism is
attached to the movement, a key reason
for using a thin base movement. A
display shaft (22) and a non-return hand
tube (23) are guided through the
movement to the depth meter hands.
Drive pinion 24 connects the Bourdon
spring with the hands.

The spring’s curvature changes as the
ambient pressure outside the case
changes. This is achieved by connecting
the open end of the Bourdon spring (via
opening 29) to to the ambient pressure
outside the case (through a measuring
opening in crown 11 – the red crown).

When the ambient pressure rises, the
spring expands and the curvature
becomes wider (A).
Via rod mechanism 28, that swivels saw
segment 25 – attached to drive pinion
24 – display shaft 22 (the actual depth
meter) is rotated. Saw segment 32 is
used to move the meter back.

The depth meter hand has a stop driver,
which drives the max. depth meter
hand. This hand remains in position due
to circular locking disk 36, which is part
of the “max depth meter tube”, and
locked by locking pawl 38.
Unlocking occurs by pushing crown 9
(the yellow crown), which unlocks pawl

38. A spiral spring that surrounds shaft
22 and is attached to disk 36 ensures
that the max. depth meter hand goes
back.
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opening opening
IWC GST Deep One – Reference 3527

2008


Source: European Patent Database (United States Patent No. US6385134, 2002)

About
Accuracy


The choice of bourdon tubes by the designers of the Deep One makes sense as the system
was commonly used in mechanical depth gauges. A lot has been said about the accuracy of
this system. No evidence has been found that Bourdon tube systems are not accurate.

Also, no evidence has been found that the system used in the Deep One is not accurate2.

In fact, bourdon tube system can be very accurate, although its accuracy is influenced by
various factors including the stiffness of the materials used. Perhaps the lack of accuracy –
if true – was caused by the size of the mechanism and the materials used.

The press release from 1999 reads: “The water exerts pressure on the gauge after entering
the watch through an inlet valve at the 4 o′clock position, which also serves as the
adjustment for the depth gauge. Tests in a pressure chamber at the University Hospital of
Zurich combined with practical testing in the Rhine and in supersaturated saline solutions
have shown that the system is absolutely safe and reliable in use”.

2 See also Michael Friedberg’s post of 28.03.2006 “yes and no”, in which he refers to a discussion
with the watchmaker, who developed the watch: “The depth gauge, by being mechanical, provides an
approximation of depth and is not always 100% consistent, but close. It is possible with misuse for the
element that expands with depth to become misshapen, and that will produce results that "don't
work".

diaphragm

chamber
with oil

Annular
chamber
for tube

A system, familiar to the divers among
us, is used to transform ambient
pressure to “tube curvature”. Water – or
air – pushes diaphragm 76 down, which
on its turn, pushes the oil in chamber 75
down into the bourdon tube (which is
also filled with oil) through opening 30.

Presumably, the max. depth is reached
when the diaphragm has been pushed
down until the bottom of the chamber.

Pusher 78 is used to simulate increasing
pressure under standard ambient
pressure.

When the crown is screwed down, the
opening is closed manually to protect
the transducer system.

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For Use on IWC Forum Only . Peter Nievaart


IWC GST Deep One – Reference 3527

2008



The operating manual reports an
acceptable variation. To ensure accuracy it
is important to set the “zero depth”
correctly. The system works like a
barometer and is influenced by the height
at which the watch is used.

A testing cylinder is supplied to verify the
functioning of the depth gauge.

. IWC, Schaffhausen

The Deep One system has been compared to the capillary depth gauges used during the
earlier days of diving. This capillary system is based on Boyles law3 and uses a plastic tube
filled with air (instead of oil). The exact mid-point represents 10 meters (33 feet) of sea
water. There are a few drawbacks related to this system:

.
After the 10 meter mark, the gauge becomes increasingly more difficult to read as
the scale reduces logarithmically.
.
Any water trapped in the tube renders it useless.
.
A small piece of sand or salt left over from rinsing could cause the gauge to misread.
Some divers claim that the accuracy of a properly functioning capillary gauge is better than
a bourdon-based gauge. Others claim it is less accurate.

What
makes
the
Deep
One
unique?


The depth gauge’s uniqueness is in its size. This is achieved by:

.
Arranging the display shaft coaxially with the hour tube and minute tube
.
Arranging the depth display on the dial.
.
Using JLC’s thin C.891 movement as base movement, which leaves room for the
depth gauge and the chamber holding the bourdon tube.
.
A special pressure chamber and tube construction.
No other manufacturer has surpassed IWC’s achievement until recently when Jaeger-
LeCoultre introduced their Master Compressor Diving Pro Geographic. JLC claims their
system is superior to the Deep One system. The depth scale on this watch is connected to a
patented membrane mechanism that measures the pressure.

3 for any gas at a constant temperature, the volume will vary inversely with the absolute pressure
while the density will vary directly with the absolute pressure

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For Use on IWC Forum Only
. Peter Nievaart


IWC GST Deep One – Reference 3527

2008


Photos: Courtesy of Michael R. Friedberg and IWC (the 1st photo was was borrowed from
another forum post)

Special Thanks to Christian Niemann for his time and information about the watch.

Bibliography


Backus, J. (2003, April 19). IWC Forum 19.04.2003. Retrieved from IWC Forum - What I
heard during a factory tour:
https://www.iwc.com/member/forum/search_all.asp?table=archives&subject=what+i+hear
d&archived=yes&id=23042

Friedberg, M. R. (2004, March). Ascending to New Depths. Retrieved from IWC Forum:
http://www.iwcforum.com/Articles/2004/HistoryText.html

Friedberg, M. R. (n.d.). IWC Forum 10.09.2002 20:40:56. Retrieved from
https://www.iwc.com/member/forum/search_all.asp?table=archives&sMessage=8914&archi
ved=yes&id=14541

Friedberg, M. R. (2006, March 28). IWC Forum. Retrieved from www.iwc.com:
https://www.iwc.com/member/forum/search_all.asp?table=archives&before=01%2E04%2E
2006&name=MF&after=01%2E03%2E2006&archived=yes&id=83036

Friedberg, M. R. (2002, August). Who is Richard Habring? Retrieved from TimeZone:
http://www.timezone.com/library/tzints/tzints631685739687608484

Lange, Habring, Klaus, & Speichinger. (2002, May 7). United States Patent No. US6385134.
Retrieved from European Patent Database:
http://v3.espacenet.com/textdoc?DB=EPODOC&IDX=US6385134&F=0

Lovecraft, H. (n.d.). Wikipedia Deep One. Retrieved from Wikipedia:
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deep_One

Wikipedia. (n.d.). Pressure Measurement. Retrieved from wikipedia:
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pressure_measurement

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[ 本帖最后由 tintin8 于 2009-5-14 21:10 编辑 ]

沙发！漫漫看！

Aquatimer Deep Two
Ref. IW3547

Features Diver’s watch with automatic movement
and newly developed mechanical depth
gauge for the actual depth at any time and
the maximum depth reached down to 50 m;
newly developed external rotating diving
bezel, new bracelet quick-change system**;
relief engraving of a diver’s helmet on the
case back Movement Calibre 30110 Vibrations 28 800/h Jewels 21 Power reserve 40 h Winding automatic Case Material stainless steel Glass sapphire, spherical, antireflective Crown screw-in Water-resistant 12 bar Diameter 46 mm Height 15.5 mm Weight Watch in stainless steel
with rubber strap 135 g Watch in stainless steel
with stainless steel bracelet 205 g



* IWC Schaffhausen is not the owner ofthe Super-LumiNova trade mark. The rights of the third party to thistrade mark are protected.
** The Aquatimer bracelet quick-change system has been developed by IWC under a patent license from Cartier.


http://www.iwc.com/upload/FCKEDITOR/Image/img_sicheristsicher_neu.jpg' />
The Aquatimer Deep Two from IWCSchaffhausen marks the return of the diver’s watch with a mechanicaldepth gauge. This hero timepiece heads the new Aquatimer generationboth technically and in terms of its dimensions.


http://www.iwc.com/upload/FCKEDITOR/Image/img_sicheristsicher_neu_2.jpg' />
A tribute to the pioneering days of diving, in the form of a diver’s helmet, decorates the back of the case of the Aquatimer Deep Two from IWC Schaffhausen.


http://www.iwc.com/upload/FCKEDITOR/Image/img_sicheristsicher_neu_3.jpg' />
The exploded diagram of the Aquatimer Deep Twofrom IWC Schaffhausen shows clearly the pressure transducer at 10o’clock, which converts depth pressure into mechanical movement andthus drives the depth gauge (blue) and the maximum depth indicator(red).


http://www.iwc.com/upload/FCKEDITOR/Image/img_sicheristsicher_neu_4.jpg' />

小问题，从机械原理的角度说，越简单可靠性越高，如果在deep two里实现了1里同样的功能，而机械变简单了，这可以说是一种很大的进步吗？

好东西啊~可惜英文不行~看的云里雾里的~

不能这么说，石英表又准又便宜，这样说来机械表没有必要了？

deep one是JLC机芯，two是30110机芯。
one的测量水深是一个很复杂的构造，技术含量很高。